feat(export): encrypt vault backups with an independent password

Replaces the plaintext JSON exporter with an encrypted container.
The previous plaintext flow was a known security gap — a backup file
on disk or in a cloud sync folder gave full plaintext access to
every password if accessed by anyone (or anything) other than the
user.

Container format
================
Self-describing JSON:
  {
    "format":         "pm-encrypted-export-v1",
    "kdf":            "pbkdf2-sha256",
    "kdf_iterations": 600000,
    "kdf_salt":       "<base64 32B>",
    "iv":             "<base64 12B>",
    "ciphertext":     "<base64 AES-GCM(payload)>",
    "created_at":     "<ISO>"
  }
payload = same shape as the legacy plaintext exporter (entries array
with site, username, password, folder, tags, favorite, totp_secret,
timestamps), so the round-trip through the JSON importer works
without a separate code path.

Export password
===============
User-chosen, INDEPENDENT of the master password — the export modal
explicitly explains this. Rationale:
 - A master-password change doesn't invalidate old backups.
 - The backup file can be shared with another person without
   revealing the master pw.
 - Trade-off: one more password for the user to remember. We assume
   they're storing the backup intentionally and can record the pw.
Minimum length 6 enforced client-side.

Flow
====
Export:
  1. askReauth(master pw) → server /reauth verifies (defense against
     someone reaching the unlocked laptop and dumping the vault).
  2. promptDialog(password: true) → export password.
  3. Walk state.entries, decrypt each password + TOTP with the vault
     key, assemble payload.
  4. encryptExportPayload(payload, exportPwd) — random 32B salt,
     random 12B IV, PBKDF2 600k, AES-GCM-256.
  5. Download the container as
     vault-export-YYYY-MM-DD.json.

Import:
  1. Read file, detect format. JSON with format === "pm-encrypted-
     export-v1" → prompt for the export password.
  2. decryptExportContainer → plaintext payload, then JSON.stringify
     back into the existing parseEntriesFromJSON path so the rest of
     the import flow (preview confirm, bulk encrypt, /entries/bulk-
     import) is unchanged.
  3. Wrong password → AES-GCM tag fails → "Decryption failed" toast,
     user retries.

Other changes
=============
 - promptDialog gains a `password: true` option that flips the
   confirm input's type so the value is masked on screen.
 - Export modal copy in the Settings panel updated to mention the
   encrypted format and the independent password.
 - The 429-lockout path on /reauth is now handled explicitly in
   doExport (was previously falling through to "wrong password").

Backward compatibility
======================
Plaintext JSON exports produced by the previous version still
import — parseEntriesFromJSON doesn't care whether the input came
from a fresh decryption or directly from a plaintext file. The
exporter no longer produces plaintext though; users with old
backups should re-export after upgrading.

index.html

@@ -344,7 +344,9 @@
             <div class="slideover-field">
                 <div class="slideover-field-label">Export</div>
                 <p style="font-size:12px;color:var(--text-dim);margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.5">
-                    Download all your passwords as JSON. Requires your master password — file is plaintext.
+                    Download an <b>encrypted</b> backup of your vault. You'll
+                    choose a password independent of your master password —
+                    save it carefully, you need it to restore.
                 </p>
                 <button class="btn btn-ghost btn-sm" id="exportBtn">
                     <svg><use href="#i-log-out"/></svg> Export vault

js/app.js

@@ -2357,7 +2357,7 @@ function confirmDialog(opts) {
 }
 
 function promptDialog(opts) {
-    // opts: { title, message, okText, placeholder, value }
+    // opts: { title, message, okText, placeholder, value, password }
     opts = opts || {};
     $('#confirmTitle').textContent = opts.title   || 'Enter value';
     $('#confirmMessage').innerHTML = opts.message || '';
@@ -2367,6 +2367,8 @@ function promptDialog(opts) {
     $('#confirmInputField').classList.remove('is-hidden');
     $('#confirmInput').value = opts.value || '';
     $('#confirmInput').placeholder = opts.placeholder || '';
+    // Allow password-style masking (used by encrypted import/export).
+    $('#confirmInput').type = opts.password ? 'password' : 'text';
     $('#confirmModal').classList.remove('is-hidden');
     setTimeout(() => $('#confirmInput').focus(), 50);
     return new Promise(res => { confirmResolver = res; });
@@ -2407,6 +2409,76 @@ function closeReauth(ok) {
     }
 }
 
+// ============================================================
+// ENCRYPTED EXPORT CONTAINER
+// ============================================================
+//
+// File format (JSON):
+//   {
+//     "format": "pm-encrypted-export-v1",
+//     "kdf": "pbkdf2-sha256",
+//     "kdf_iterations": 600000,
+//     "kdf_salt":  "<base64 random 32 bytes>",
+//     "iv":        "<base64 random 12 bytes>",
+//     "ciphertext":"<base64 AES-GCM ciphertext of JSON.stringify(payload)>",
+//     "created_at": "<ISO timestamp>"
+//   }
+// payload = same shape produced by the plaintext exporter (entries array).
+//
+// The encryption password is INDEPENDENT of the master password — the
+// user picks it at export time and provides it again at import time.
+// Decoupling means a master-password change doesn't brick old backups,
+// and the backup can be shared without revealing the master pw.
+
+function bytesToBase64(arr) {
+    if (arr instanceof ArrayBuffer) arr = new Uint8Array(arr);
+    let s = '';
+    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) s += String.fromCharCode(arr[i]);
+    return btoa(s);
+}
+function base64ToBytes(b64) {
+    return Uint8Array.from(atob(b64), c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+}
+
+// Derive an AES-GCM key from a user-chosen export password + random salt.
+// Uses the same 600k iteration PBKDF2 as the rest of the app.
+async function deriveExportKey(password, saltBytes, iterations) {
+    const km = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
+        'raw', new TextEncoder().encode(password),
+        'PBKDF2', false, ['deriveKey']);
+    return crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
+        { name: 'PBKDF2', salt: saltBytes, iterations: iterations, hash: 'SHA-256' },
+        km,
+        { name: 'AES-GCM', length: 256 },
+        false, ['encrypt', 'decrypt']);
+}
+
+async function encryptExportPayload(payloadObj, exportPwd) {
+    const plaintext = new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(payloadObj));
+    const salt = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(32));
+    const iv   = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12));
+    const key  = await deriveExportKey(exportPwd, salt, 600000);
+    const ct   = await crypto.subtle.encrypt({ name: 'AES-GCM', iv }, key, plaintext);
+    return {
+        format:         'pm-encrypted-export-v1',
+        kdf:            'pbkdf2-sha256',
+        kdf_iterations: 600000,
+        kdf_salt:       bytesToBase64(salt),
+        iv:             bytesToBase64(iv),
+        ciphertext:     bytesToBase64(ct),
+        created_at:     new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+}
+
+async function decryptExportContainer(container, exportPwd) {
+    const salt = base64ToBytes(container.kdf_salt);
+    const iv   = base64ToBytes(container.iv);
+    const ct   = base64ToBytes(container.ciphertext);
+    const key  = await deriveExportKey(exportPwd, salt, container.kdf_iterations || 600000);
+    const plainBuf = await crypto.subtle.decrypt({ name: 'AES-GCM', iv }, key, ct);
+    return JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(plainBuf));
+}
+
 // ============================================================
 // IMPORT — JSON (native round-trip) + CSV (universal)
 // ============================================================
@@ -2622,6 +2694,34 @@ async function doImport() {
         catch (e) { return toast('Cannot read file: ' + e.message, 'error'); }
 
         const isJSON = /\.json$/i.test(file.name) || text.trim().startsWith('{') || text.trim().startsWith('[');
+
+        // If the JSON is an encrypted-export container, prompt for the
+        // backup password and decrypt before handing the plaintext payload
+        // to the regular JSON parser.
+        if (isJSON) {
+            let raw;
+            try { raw = JSON.parse(text); } catch (e) { raw = null; }
+            if (raw && raw.format === 'pm-encrypted-export-v1') {
+                const pw = await promptDialog({
+                    title:       'Encrypted backup',
+                    message:     'This backup is encrypted. Enter the password ' +
+                                 'you set when you exported it.',
+                    placeholder: 'Backup encryption password',
+                    okText:      'Decrypt',
+                    password:    true,
+                });
+                if (!pw) return;
+                try {
+                    const payload = await decryptExportContainer(raw, pw);
+                    // Hand the decrypted payload back to parseEntriesFromJSON
+                    // via JSON.stringify — keeps the parser code path single.
+                    text = JSON.stringify(payload);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    return toast('Decryption failed — wrong password or corrupted file', 'error');
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         let parsed;
         try {
             parsed = isJSON ? parseEntriesFromJSON(text) : parseEntriesFromCSV(text);
@@ -2683,30 +2783,80 @@ async function doImport() {
 }
 
 async function doExport() {
-    const pwd = await askReauth('Enter your master password to export the vault as JSON. The file will be UNENCRYPTED.');
+    // Step 1: reauth — verifies the human in front of the screen is the
-    if (!pwd) return;
+    // vault owner before we hand them every plaintext password. Defense
+    // against a stranger reaching the open laptop and exfiltrating data.
+    const masterPwd = await askReauth(
+        'Enter your master password to start an encrypted export.');
+    if (!masterPwd) return;
     try {
         await api('/reauth', {
             method: 'POST',
             headers: authHeaders({ 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }),
-            body: JSON.stringify({ masterPassword: pwd }),
+            body: JSON.stringify({ masterPassword: masterPwd }),
         });
     } catch (err) {
-        toast('Wrong master password', 'error');
+        // 429 (account lockout) is possible here too — propagate as a clear
-        return;
+        // message rather than the generic "wrong master password" toast.
+        if (err.status === 429 && err.body && err.body.retry_after) {
+            return toast('Account locked. Try again in ' +
+                Math.ceil(err.body.retry_after / 60) + ' min', 'warning');
+        }
+        return toast('Wrong master password', 'error');
     }
-    // Decrypt all entries
+
-    const out = { version: 1, exported_at: new Date().toISOString(), username: state.username, entries: [] };
+    // Step 2: ask for an INDEPENDENT export password. Decoupled from the
+    // master pw so a master-pw change later doesn't invalidate the backup,
+    // and so the backup can be shared without revealing the master pw.
+    const exportPwd = await promptDialog({
+        title:       'Encrypted export',
+        message:     'Choose a password to encrypt the backup file.<br>' +
+                     '<small style="color:var(--text-dim)">' +
+                     'You will need this password to restore the file. ' +
+                     'It is independent of your master password.</small>',
+        placeholder: 'Backup encryption password',
+        okText:      'Export',
+        password:    true,
+    });
+    if (!exportPwd) return;
+    if (exportPwd.length < 6) {
+        return toast('Use at least 6 characters', 'warning');
+    }
+
+    // Step 3: assemble the plaintext payload (same shape as the legacy
+    // plaintext exporter — round-trips with the existing JSON importer
+    // after decryption).
+    const payload = {
+        version:     1,
+        exported_at: new Date().toISOString(),
+        username:    state.username,
+        entries:     [],
+    };
     for (const e of state.entries) {
         const plain = await decryptPwd(e.encrypted_password, e.iv);
-        out.entries.push({
+        let plainTotp = '';
-            site: e.site, username: e.username,
+        if (e.totp_secret && e.totp_iv) {
-            password: plain, folder: e.folder,
+            plainTotp = await decryptTotpSecret(e.totp_secret, e.totp_iv);
-            tags: parseTags(e.tags), favorite: !!e.favorite,
+            if (plainTotp === '[ERROR]') plainTotp = '';
-            created_at: e.created_at, updated_at: e.updated_at,
+        }
+        payload.entries.push({
+            site:        e.site,
+            username:    e.username,
+            password:    plain,
+            folder:      e.folder,
+            tags:        parseTags(e.tags),
+            favorite:    !!e.favorite,
+            totp_secret: plainTotp,
+            created_at:  e.created_at,
+            updated_at:  e.updated_at,
         });
     }
-    const blob = new Blob([JSON.stringify(out, null, 2)], { type: 'application/json' });
+
+    // Step 4: encrypt + download
+    const container = await encryptExportPayload(payload, exportPwd);
+    const blob = new Blob([JSON.stringify(container, null, 2)], {
+        type: 'application/json',
+    });
     const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
     const a = el('a', {
         href: url,
@@ -2715,7 +2865,7 @@ async function doExport() {
     document.body.appendChild(a);
     a.click();
     setTimeout(() => { URL.revokeObjectURL(url); a.remove(); }, 100);
-    toast(out.entries.length + ' entries exported');
+    toast(payload.entries.length + ' entries exported (encrypted)');
 }
 
 // ============================================================